Structure of Matter Structure of Matter 20%

1.1Atomic theory and atomic structure
Evidence for the atomic theory; Atomic number and mass number; isotopes and mass spectroscopy; Electron energy levels: atomic spectra and atomic orbitals; Periodic relationships; Nuclear chemistry
1.2Chemical bonding
Binding forces; Types of bonds; Polarity of bonds and electronegativities; VSEPR theory and Lewis electron-dot diagrams; Hybridization of orbitals; Geometry of molecules; Resonance; Sigma and pi bonds; Dipole moments of molecules; Relation of properties to structure

States of Matter States of Matter 19%

2.1Gases
Laws of ideal gases; The mole concept; Kinetic-molecular theory; Interpretation of ideal gas laws; Deviations from ideal gas laws
2.2Liquids and solids
Liquids and solids from the kinetic-molecular viewpoint; Phase diagrams; Changes of state and critical phenomena
2.3Solutions
Types of solutions and factors affecting solubility; Methods of expressing concentration; Colligative properties

Reaction Types Reaction Types 12%

3.1Acid-base reactions
Concepts of Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis; Amphoterism
3.2Reactions involving coordination complexes
3.3Precipitation reactions
3.4Oxidation-reduction reactions
Oxidation number; The role of the electron in oxidation-reduction; Electrochemistry; Standard half-cell potentials

Equations and Stoichiometry Equations and Stoichiometry 10%

4.1Ionic and molecular species
Net-ionic equations; Stoichiometry; Balancing of equations

Equilibrium Equilibrium 7%

5.1Concept of dynamic equilibrium
LeChâtelier's principle; Equilibrium constants; Equilibrium constants for gaseous reactions; Equilibrium constants for reactions in solutions; Solubility product constants

Kinetics Kinetics 4%

6.1Concept of rate of reaction
Order of reaction and rate constant; Effect of temperature change on rates; Activation energy and the role of catalysts; Rate-determining step and reaction mechanism

Thermodynamics Thermodynamics 5%

7.1State functions
First law; Heat of formation; Heat of reaction; Second law; Free energy of formation; Free energy of reaction; Relationship of change in free energy to equilibrium constants and electrode potentials

Descriptive Chemistry Descriptive Chemistry 14%

8.1Chemical reactivity and products
Relationships in the periodic table; Chemistry of the main groups and transition elements; Organic chemistry

Experimental Chemistry Experimental Chemistry 9%

9.1Laboratory experiments
Equipment used; Observations made; Calculations performed; Interpretation of the results

Chemistry (CHEM) Exam Blueprint